Sociological Perspective

Sociology can be distinct as the study of society, but in exercise, it is considerably more. It is the study of human social life. It describes culture, society and people. It discusses their features and element, and their inter-relationship. It has many sub-divisions of study, stretching from the exploration of discussion to the progress of philosophies and ideas to try to recognize how the whole world works.

Much of what human activity falls under the category of social structure or social activity due to this it has slowly extended its focus on sociological perspectives. There are a few numbers of perspectives contained by sociology and to separate relations of people with all. Theories are an important portion of the structure used to establish precise social occurrences within the social sciences. Here, there are few major theoretical perspectives in sociology, comprises symbolic perspectives, functional perspectives and social conflict.

1.1.2 Types of theoretical perspectives in sociology

1. Symbolic perspectives

The first distinct sociological perspective derived from the work of Augustus Comte, who invented the word sociology from the Latin “socius” and the Greek “logos” in 1837. Comte’s positivism, rather than inspecting the way person observe the social world around them, undertakes that society is a neutral object, “out there,” waiting to be observed, investigated, and unspoken like the real and regular world. R. Collins observations symbolic interactionism as reviewing the way the social world is shaped through communication among the individuals and their setting.

Symbolic perspective and interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which established around the middle of the 20^th century and it powerful in some areas of the self-restraint. It is predominantly significant in social psychology. It is consequent from the American philosophy of realism and chiefly from the work of George H. Mead, as a practical process to understand the social relations and interaction.

Symbolic interactionism is a method mainly used to examine human connections by directing the senses that individuals give to things in the world near to them, comprising words and objects. Symbolic interactionism is used within the field of sociology to describe social actions in expressions of how people interact based on their understanding of symbols. In this perspective, symbols can be everything that can be given a meaning, including language, images, objects, gestures, events and many other things.

Fig.1.1.1: Symbolic perspectives

Fig.1.1.2: Symbolic perspectives

2. Functionalist perspective

The functionalist perspective is deep-rooted in the effort of Emile Durkheim. Functionalism vision society as a creature in which all the parts function in a way that confirms the constant well-being of the whole creature. The grounds of functionalism were constructed by later writers including Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Merton and Parsons.

Fig.1.1.3: Functionalist perspectives

Functionalist perspectives interpret society as a multipart, but in to a connected system in which all part works together as a functional whole. An image for the structural functional perspective is the human physique. For example, human body or physique has arms, a heart, legs, a brain, eyes, ears and so on. Every body part has its personal function and structure for functioning, but it works together for a complete function for a particular work. So just like a human body in society there are many institutions like government, industry, education, media, families, religion etc. that work together and form fully functioning society for human being.

3. Conflict perspective

A conflict perspective deals where society divided into two groups, masses, or classes whose interest conflict with each other. The actual fundamentals of the conflict theory are in the works of Marx and Engels. Other contributors comprise Weber and Dahrendorf. The monograph then turns to a discussion of phenomenology.

Fig.1.1.4: Conflict theory

Fig.1.1.5: Conflict is the origin of everything

The third foremost theoretical perspective is called conflict theory. It thinks society as system of groups that are not equal in terms of religion, caste, class, gender etc. and it generate conflict and change for example, in India there is a religious conflict between Hindu and Muslims, upper and lower caste or class perception between upper class and lower class etc. However, every society there is difference or these differences create conflict among the groups which precede the change in society.

Sociology can be distinct as the study of society, but in exercise, it is considerably more. It is the study of human social life. It describes culture, society and people. It discusses their features and element, and their inter-relationship. It has many sub-divisions of study, stretching from the exploration of discussion to the progress of philosophies and ideas to try to recognize how the whole world works.

Much of what human activity falls under the category of social structure or social activity due to this it has slowly extended its focus on sociological perspectives. There are a few numbers of perspectives contained by sociology and to separate relations of people with all. Theories are an important portion of the structure used to establish precise social occurrences within the social sciences. Here, there are few major theoretical perspectives in sociology, comprises symbolic perspectives, functional perspectives and social conflict.

1.1.2 Types of theoretical perspectives in sociology

1. Symbolic perspectives

The first distinct sociological perspective derived from the work of Augustus Comte, who invented the word sociology from the Latin “socius” and the Greek “logos” in 1837. Comte’s positivism, rather than inspecting the way person observe the social world around them, undertakes that society is a neutral object, “out there,” waiting to be observed, investigated, and unspoken like the real and regular world. R. Collins observations symbolic interactionism as reviewing the way the social world is shaped through communication among the individuals and their setting.

Symbolic perspective and interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which established around the middle of the 20^th century and it powerful in some areas of the self-restraint. It is predominantly significant in social psychology. It is consequent from the American philosophy of realism and chiefly from the work of George H. Mead, as a practical process to understand the social relations and interaction.

Symbolic interactionism is a method mainly used to examine human connections by directing the senses that individuals give to things in the world near to them, comprising words and objects. Symbolic interactionism is used within the field of sociology to describe social actions in expressions of how people interact based on their understanding of symbols. In this perspective, symbols can be everything that can be given a meaning, including language, images, objects, gestures, events and many other things.

Fig.1.1.1: Symbolic perspectives

Fig.1.1.2: Symbolic perspectives

2. Functionalist perspective

The functionalist perspective is deep-rooted in the effort of Emile Durkheim. Functionalism vision society as a creature in which all the parts function in a way that confirms the constant well-being of the whole creature. The grounds of functionalism were constructed by later writers including Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Merton and Parsons.

Fig.1.1.3: Functionalist perspectives

Functionalist perspectives interpret society as a multipart, but in to a connected system in which all part works together as a functional whole. An image for the structural functional perspective is the human physique. For example, human body or physique has arms, a heart, legs, a brain, eyes, ears and so on. Every body part has its personal function and structure for functioning, but it works together for a complete function for a particular work. So just like a human body in society there are many institutions like government, industry, education, media, families, religion etc. that work together and form fully functioning society for human being.

3. Conflict perspective

A conflict perspective deals where society divided into two groups, masses, or classes whose interest conflict with each other. The actual fundamentals of the conflict theory are in the works of Marx and Engels. Other contributors comprise Weber and Dahrendorf. The monograph then turns to a discussion of phenomenology.

Fig.1.1.4: Conflict theory

Fig.1.1.5: Conflict is the origin of everything

The third foremost theoretical perspective is called conflict theory. It thinks society as system of groups that are not equal in terms of religion, caste, class, gender etc. and it generate conflict and change for example, in India there is a religious conflict between Hindu and Muslims, upper and lower caste or class perception between upper class and lower class etc. However, every society there is difference or these differences create conflict among the groups which precede the change in society.